/*
 *  ====================================================================
 *  The Apache Software License, Version 1.1
 *
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 *  1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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 *  "This product includes software developed by the
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 *
 *  Portions of this software are based upon public domain software
 *  originally written at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications,
 *  University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign.
 *
 *  Portions of this software are based upon public domain software
 *  originally written at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications,
 *  University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign.
 */
package org.apache.poi.hpsf;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.List;

import org.apache.poi.util.LittleEndian;
import org.apache.poi.util.LittleEndianConsts;

/**
 * <p>Supports reading and writing of variant data.</p>
 * 
 * <p><strong>FIXME (3):</strong> Reading and writing should be made more
 * uniform than it is now. The following items should be resolved:
 * 
 * <ul>
 *
 * <li><p>Reading requires a length parameter that is 4 byte greater than the
 * actual data, because the variant type field is included. </p></li>
 *
 * <li><p>Reading reads from a byte array while writing writes to an byte array
 * output stream.</p></li>
 *
 * <ul>
 *
 * @author Rainer Klute <a
 * href="mailto:klute@rainer-klute.de">&lt;klute@rainer-klute.de&gt;</a>
 * @since 2003-08-08
 * @version $Id$
 */
public class VariantSupport extends Variant
{

    private static boolean logUnsupportedTypes = false;

    /**
     * <p>Specifies whether warnings about unsupported variant types are to be
     * written to <code>System.err</code> or not.</p>
     *
     * @param logUnsupportedTypes If <code>true</code> warnings will be written,
     * if <code>false</code> they won't.
     */
    public static void setLogUnsupportedTypes(final boolean logUnsupportedTypes)
    {
        VariantSupport.logUnsupportedTypes = logUnsupportedTypes;
    }

    /**
     * <p>Checks whether logging of unsupported variant types warning is turned
     * on or off.</p>
     *
     * @return <code>true</code> if logging is turned on, else
     * <code>false</code>. 
     */
    public static boolean isLogUnsupportedTypes()
    {
        return logUnsupportedTypes;
    }



    /**
     * <p>Keeps a list of the variant types an "unsupported" message has already
     * been issued for.</p>
     */
    protected static List unsupportedMessage;

    /**
     * <p>Writes a warning to <code>System.err</code> that a variant type is
     * unsupported by HPSF. Such a warning is written only once for each variant
     * type. Log messages can be turned on or off by </p>
     *
     * @param ex The exception to log
     */
    protected static void writeUnsupportedTypeMessage
        (final UnsupportedVariantTypeException ex)
    {
        if (isLogUnsupportedTypes())
        {
            if (unsupportedMessage == null)
                unsupportedMessage = new LinkedList();
            Long vt = new Long(ex.getVariantType());
            if (!unsupportedMessage.contains(vt))
            {
                System.err.println(ex.getMessage());
                unsupportedMessage.add(vt);
            }
        }
    }



    /**
     * <p>Reads a variant type from a byte array.</p>
     *
     * @param src The byte array
     * @param offset The offset in the byte array where the variant
     * starts
     * @param length The length of the variant including the variant
     * type field
     * @param type The variant type to read
     * @param codepage The codepage to use to write non-wide strings
     * @return A Java object that corresponds best to the variant
     * field. For example, a VT_I4 is returned as a {@link Long}, a
     * VT_LPSTR as a {@link String}.
     * @exception ReadingNotSupportedException if a property is to be written
     * who's variant type HPSF does not yet support
     * @exception UnsupportedEncodingException if the specified codepage is not
     * supported
     *
     * @see Variant
     */
    public static Object read(final byte[] src, final int offset,
                              final int length, final long type,
                              final int codepage)
        throws ReadingNotSupportedException, UnsupportedEncodingException
    {
        Object value;
        int o1 = offset;
        int l1 = length - LittleEndian.INT_SIZE;
        switch ((int) type)
        {
            case Variant.VT_EMPTY:
            {
                value = null;
                break;
            }
            case Variant.VT_I2:
            {
                /*
                 * Read a short. In Java it is represented as an
                 * Integer object.
                 */
                value = new Integer(LittleEndian.getUShort(src, o1));
                break;
            }
            case Variant.VT_I4:
            {
                /*
                 * Read a word. In Java it is represented as a
                 * Long object.
                 */
                value = new Long(LittleEndian.getUInt(src, o1));
                break;
            }
            case Variant.VT_FILETIME:
            {
                /*
                 * Read a FILETIME object. In Java it is represented
                 * as a Date object.
                 */
                final long low = LittleEndian.getUInt(src, o1);
                o1 += LittleEndian.INT_SIZE;
                final long high = LittleEndian.getUInt(src, o1);
                value = Util.filetimeToDate((int) high, (int) low);
                break;
            }
            case Variant.VT_LPSTR:
            {
                /*
                 * Read a byte string. In Java it is represented as a
                 * String object. The 0x00 bytes at the end must be
                 * stripped.
                 */
                final int first = o1 + LittleEndian.INT_SIZE;
                long last = first + LittleEndian.getUInt(src, o1) - 1;
                o1 += LittleEndian.INT_SIZE;
                while (src[(int) last] == 0 && first <= last)
                    last--;
                final int l = (int) (last - first + 1);
                value = codepage != -1 ?
                    new String(src, (int) first, l,
                               codepageToEncoding(codepage)) :
                    new String(src, (int) first, l);
                break;
            }
            case Variant.VT_LPWSTR:
            {
                /*
                 * Read a Unicode string. In Java it is represented as
                 * a String object. The 0x00 bytes at the end must be
                 * stripped.
                 */
                final int first = o1 + LittleEndian.INT_SIZE;
                long last = first + LittleEndian.getUInt(src, o1) - 1;
                long l = last - first;
                o1 += LittleEndian.INT_SIZE;
                StringBuffer b = new StringBuffer((int) (last - first));
                for (int i = 0; i <= l; i++)
                {
                    final int i1 = o1 + (i * 2);
                    final int i2 = i1 + 1;
                    final int high = src[i2] << 8;
                    final int low = src[i1] & 0x00ff;
                    final char c = (char) (high | low);
                    b.append(c);
                }
                /* Strip 0x00 characters from the end of the string: */
                while (b.length() > 0 && b.charAt(b.length() - 1) == 0x00)
                    b.setLength(b.length() - 1);
                value = b.toString();
                break;
            }
            case Variant.VT_CF:
            {
                final byte[] v = new byte[l1];
                for (int i = 0; i < l1; i++)
                    v[i] = src[(int) (o1 + i)];
                value = v;
                break;
            }
            case Variant.VT_BOOL:
            {
                /*
                 * The first four bytes in src, from src[offset] to
                 * src[offset + 3] contain the DWord for VT_BOOL, so
                 * skip it, we don't need it.
                 */
                // final int first = offset + LittleEndian.INT_SIZE;
                long bool = LittleEndian.getUInt(src, o1);
                if (bool != 0)
                    value = Boolean.TRUE;
                else
                    value = Boolean.FALSE;
                break;
            }
            default:
            {
                final byte[] v = new byte[l1];
                for (int i = 0; i < l1; i++)
                    v[i] = src[(int) (o1 + i)];
                throw new ReadingNotSupportedException(type, v);
            }
        }
        return value;
    }



    /**
     * <p>Turns a codepage number into the equivalent character encoding's 
     * name.</p>
     *
     * @param codepage The codepage number
     * 
     * @return The character encoding's name. If the codepage number is 65001, 
     * the encoding name is "UTF-8". All other positive numbers are mapped to
     * "cp" followed by the number, e.g. if the codepage number is 1252 the 
     * returned character encoding name will be "cp1252".
     * 
     * @exception UnsupportedEncodingException if the specified codepage is
     * less than zero.
     */
    public static String codepageToEncoding(final int codepage)
    throws UnsupportedEncodingException
    {
        if (codepage <= 0)
            throw new UnsupportedEncodingException
                ("Codepage number may not be " + codepage);
        switch (codepage)
        {
            case 1200:
                return "UTF-16";
            case 65001:
                return "UTF-8";
            default:
                return "cp" + codepage;
        }
    }


    /**
     * <p>Writes a variant value to an output stream. This method ensures that
     * always a multiple of 4 bytes is written.</p>
     *
     * @param out The stream to write the value to.
     * @param type The variant's type.
     * @param value The variant's value.
     * @param codepage The codepage to use to write non-wide strings
     * @return The number of entities that have been written. In many cases an
     * "entity" is a byte but this is not always the case.
     * @exception IOException if an I/O exceptions occurs
     * @exception WritingNotSupportedException if a property is to be written
     * who's variant type HPSF does not yet support
     */
    public static int write(final OutputStream out, final long type,
                            final Object value, final int codepage)
        throws IOException, WritingNotSupportedException
    {
        int length = 0;
        switch ((int) type)
        {
            case Variant.VT_BOOL:
            {
                int trueOrFalse;
                if (((Boolean) value).booleanValue())
                    trueOrFalse = 1;
                else
                    trueOrFalse = 0;
                length = TypeWriter.writeUIntToStream(out, trueOrFalse);
                break;
            }
            case Variant.VT_LPSTR:
            {
                final byte[] bytes =
                    (codepage == -1 ?
                    ((String) value).getBytes() :
                    ((String) value).getBytes(codepageToEncoding(codepage)));
                length = TypeWriter.writeUIntToStream(out, bytes.length + 1);
                final byte[] b = new byte[bytes.length + 1];
                System.arraycopy(bytes, 0, b, 0, bytes.length);
                b[b.length - 1] = 0x00;
                out.write(b);
                length += b.length;
                break;
            }
            case Variant.VT_LPWSTR:
            {
                final int nrOfChars = ((String) value).length() + 1; 
                length += TypeWriter.writeUIntToStream(out, nrOfChars);
                char[] s = Util.pad4((String) value);
                for (int i = 0; i < s.length; i++)
                {
                    final int high = (int) ((s[i] & 0x0000ff00) >> 8);
                    final int low = (int) (s[i] & 0x000000ff);
                    final byte highb = (byte) high;
                    final byte lowb = (byte) low;
                    out.write(lowb);
                    out.write(highb);
                    length += 2;
                }
                out.write(0x00);
                out.write(0x00);
                length += 2;
                break;
            }
            case Variant.VT_CF:
            {
                final byte[] b = (byte[]) value; 
                out.write(b);
                length = b.length;
                break;
            }
            case Variant.VT_EMPTY:
            {
                TypeWriter.writeUIntToStream(out, Variant.VT_EMPTY);
                length = LittleEndianConsts.INT_SIZE;
                break;
            }
            case Variant.VT_I2:
            {
                TypeWriter.writeToStream(out, ((Integer) value).shortValue());
                length = LittleEndianConsts.SHORT_SIZE;
                break;
            }
            case Variant.VT_I4:
            {
                length += TypeWriter.writeToStream(out, 
                          ((Long) value).intValue());
                break;
            }
            case Variant.VT_FILETIME:
            {
                long filetime = Util.dateToFileTime((Date) value);
                int high = (int) ((filetime >> 32) & 0x00000000FFFFFFFFL);
                int low = (int) (filetime & 0x00000000FFFFFFFFL);
                length += TypeWriter.writeUIntToStream
                    (out, 0x0000000FFFFFFFFL & low);
                length += TypeWriter.writeUIntToStream
                    (out, 0x0000000FFFFFFFFL & high);
                break;
            }
            default:
            {
                /* The variant type is not supported yet. However, if the value
                 * is a byte array we can write it nevertheless. */
                if (value instanceof byte[])
                {
                    final byte[] b = (byte[]) value; 
                    out.write(b);
                    length = b.length;
                    writeUnsupportedTypeMessage
                        (new WritingNotSupportedException(type, value));
                }
                else
                    throw new WritingNotSupportedException(type, value);
                break;
            }
        }

        return length;
    }

}